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Common Rail
Common Rail
The common rail fuel injector system is a direct fuel injection system that is basically an upgraded version of the direct fuel injection system previously used in petrol and diesel engines. The name ‘common rail’ is used because the fuel injectors are supplied with fuel by a single fuel rail whose purpose is basically to accumulate pressure where the fuel is stored. The common rail system helps reduce exhaust emissions, makes fuel cleaner and more efficient, lessens engine noise, and is more powerful than the injector systems they replace.
The common rail injector system is used in gasoline direct injection for modern two and four-stroke gasoline-run engines, but is more popularly used in diesel engines; in gasoline engines, the gasoline is pressurized and injected into the combustion chamber in each cylinder by the common rail fuel line. In diesel engines the high pressure fuel rail line feeds individual solenoid valves. Newer common rail diesel systems now use piezoelectric injectors (injectors that can generate an electric field when mechanical stress is applied to them) which results in increased precision and higher pressure. The common rail system was first developed by Robert Huber in Switzerland in the 1960’s and was then further developed by Dr. Marco Ganser. The first time that the common rail system was successfully used was in Japan in the 1990s by Dr. Shohei Itoh and Masahiko Miyaki who developed the system for use in heavy duty vehicles and first mounted it on a Hino Rising Ranger truck which was sold in 1995.
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